Observation phase Essay Example For Students

Perception stage Essay Point 1: Source: http://www.history.com/themes/antiquated history/cleopatraNotes: Cleopatra managed old Egypt as co-official for very nearly three decades. She turned into the last line of Macedonian rulers who served alexander the extraordinary. Cleopatra was accomplished and very blade. She communicated in various dialects and filled in as the prevailing ruler in each of the three of her co regimes She has an alleged colorful magnificence with the forces of temptation. She is generally recollected in history because of this mythEgypt developed in power and was increasingly prosperous under her ruleShe had sentimental contacts and military collusions with roman pioneers Topic 2: AkhenatenSource: http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/akhenaten.htmlNotes: Akhenaten is an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the eighteenth Dynasty He administered Egypt for 17 yearsHe is particularly noted for deserting customary Egyptian polytheism and presenting a love place where they would revere one high status. Monotheism The love communities, would adore a sun oriented god called Aten. He rule kept going five years following the strategies of his dad and the strict customs of EgyptThat year he under went an emotional strict change changed his dedication from Amun to Aten for the following twelve yearsHe is for the most part known as the apostate ruler who annulled the customary strict rituals of Egypt. Point 3: HatshepsutSource: http://www.history.com/subjects/antiquated history/hatshepsutNotes: The name Hatshepsut implies the preeminent of Noble LadiesShe was the fifth pharaoh of the eighteenth administration. She was the second generally affirmed female Pharaoh. She went to the seat of Egypt 1478 BC. Hatshepsut was the main spouse of Thutmose II, Thutmose IIIs father. She is for the most part viewed by Egyptologists as imperative to Egypt at the hour of her ruleShe is seen as best pharaohs, ruling longer than some other lady of an indigenous Egyptian line. As per Egyptologist

Why are there so many nursing organizations Is the large number of Essay

For what reason are there such huge numbers of nursing associations Is the enormous number of nursing assocations a worth or an obstruction to the Profession - Essay Example Earlier years have bore witness to that there were expanded worldwide interest for medical caretakers with tremendous open doors as far as money related compensation and profession openings. The rewarding possibilities given to nursing graduates and quick arrangement in emergency clinics and social insurance foundations everywhere throughout the world welcomed more understudies to seek after the nursing vocation. With different universal medical clinics requiring nursing staff from different social directions, the nursing affiliations prospered to give nurture the alternatives to pick dependent on nurture esteems and standards. These affiliations professionalize the measures expected of nursing and control the nature of human services to be clung to under moral and good codes. At the point when the quantity of positions was at last filled all inclusive, nursing organizations and affiliations keep on tolerating applications for attendants without enough nearby, state or government war ds to screen and control the flexibly. The impact was oversupply of medical attendants that couldn't be utilized. Further, youthful alumni straight from nursing affiliations were esteemed ailing in medicinal services understanding and in the necessary high caliber of patient consideration. Without enough medical clinics or human services establishments to acknowledge these youthful attendants to encourage their presentation, genuine preparing and involvement with social insurance, issues with work right now emerge.

Libraries A Broke Persons Best FriendÂ

Libraries A Broke Persons Best Friend   Libraries: A Broke Persons Best Friend   Libraries: A Broke Persons Best Friend  If you’re suffering from bad credit, here’s a place that will lend to you for free.Did you know libraries in America haven’t always been free?When Benjamin Franklin helped to found the first membership library in 1731, the knowledge it housed came with a price. While members could check books out at their leisure, according to the Digital Public Library of America, the first collection of library books were actually purchased with membership fees. Nonmembers who wanted to borrow books had to put up collateral.In 1790 the idea of the public library came to life when Franklin donated a collection of books to a town in Massachusetts. Then after the Civil War, public libraries started spreading across the country, and the first 100% tax-funded library was founded in New Hampshire. The first large public library was the Boston Public Library, which opened in 1854.Today there are more than 9,000 public libraries that service all types of commun ities in the United States. However, many of us take free access to these libraries for granted.One in five adults say they have never in their lives been to a library. According to the Pew Research Center, only 48% of those 16 and older say they have visited a library or bookmobile in the last year. Of those that have visited a library, most (64%) are doing so to borrow books, the service that typically comes to mind when we think of libraries.But did you know that libraries offer all kinds of services, most of which are 100% free? This makes them an invaluable resource for those who are trying to live, learn, and grow on a budget. It’s also a resource for those in need of certain basic services or tools that may be inaccessible due to costs, bad credit, or other roadblocks. In this post, we’ll explore some of the lesser-known services that local libraries offer â€" typically at no cost to you.Entertainment beyond booksWhile libraries’ book collections are an invaluable resou rce, they have constantly adapted to provide services that meet the needs of their ever-evolving visitor base. This includes avenues of entertainment. At many public libraries across the United States, you can rent CDs, DVDs, BlueRays, audiobooks, and even video games from their often extensive collections.According to Consumer Reports, U.S. TV providers like cable and satellite companies lost more than 3 million subscribers in 2018 alone. Many of these “cord-cutting” consumers are looking for cheaper options, which Consumer Reports says is becoming more difficult as streaming services continue to raise their prices. But with the help of your library (and maybe a digital antenna for your local channels), those looking to cut their entertainment budget can do so easily.Want to watch an old favorite that isn’t available on streaming or digital rental? Your library probably has it (or can get it for you with an interlibrary loan). What about binging whole seasons of your favorite show? That’s right, libraries often let you borrow whole box sets of your favorite TV programs.Many libraries also provide access to newspapers, magazines, and journals. This can be a great benefit for those who love to read but are often left on the other side of the paywall and can’t shell out the cash for a subscription.Internet accessAccess to the internet can be expensive in the United States. On average it costs $70 a month â€" that’s a whopping $840 a year.Public library membership often comes with free access to a public Wi-Fi network, as well as computers and printers. Sure, you can use it to check social media or email, but a growing number of library visitors are also using it to take online classes or certification courses, which can advance education, increase job prospects, and enrich the mind.Job search and small business resourcesAccording to the American Library Association (ALA), 88 percent of libraries in the United States offer access to job databases and other employment resources, free of charge. Beyond the job hunt, libraries often provide access to information, computers, and printers to create resumes; classes to help you improve interview skills; and materials to help you prepare for occupational tests, among other services.Beyond helping you find a job, libraries can also help you start your own business. A few years ago, the ALA published a report that outlined why libraries are the perfect place to foster entrepreneurship and innovation. For example, libraries provide free access to research databases that allow you to build your knowledge about the industry, competitors, patents â€" any background knowledge you need to get started.Libraries are also a great place to network, with some hosting meetups specifically for entrepreneurs. Many libraries (6,000, or 38% of all libraries to be exact) offer specific resources for the development of small business plans, the ALA reports.Free lectures, classes, and other programmingAcco rding to the 2016 Public Libraries Survey, public libraries provided 5.2 million programs that year, which was a 72.1% increase from 2010. These might include performances by musicians or conversations with authors; lectures on topics such as the environment or healthcare; classes on subjects such as personal finance or gardening; and so much more.Most public libraries have a full schedule of activities specifically designed for the communities they are in. In the words of the ALA’s report on libraries’ public programming, the “21st century is witnessing [libraries’] rapid transformation to centers for lifelong experiential learning, hubs for civic and cultural gatherings, and partners in community-wide innovation.”To find your nearest public library to check out their upcoming programming, visit this search tool provided by the Digital Public Library of America.What to do with your savingsTaking advantage of your local library’s services and programs can help you save m oney. But what should you do with the money you’ve saved? One option is to start an emergency fund â€" no monthly contribution is too small. When you are able to set aside an emergency fund, you are less prone to succumbing to risky stop-gaps, such as running up credit card balances or taking out personal loans. Another option is to pay off any personal loans or credit card debt you may have. Whatever you decide, here’s hoping the savings add up enough to make an impact.

Americas Smoke Screen-Portion Essays - 1168 Words

America’s Smoke Screen- My Portion (Alice McDowell-Bryant) This paper will examine the history of the tobacco industry and its advertising campaigns from the 1920s to the present. Some of the issues discussed in this paper will include: What forms of mass communication has tobacco companies used to persuade the public, how changes in technology have influenced the way tobacco companies communicate with target audiences, and how the United States government restrictions affect the current efforts of tobacco companies advertising strategies. Other topics that this paper will expound upon are, the ethics of the tobacco industry’s advertising approaches, how tobacco companies responded to health warnings from the government, and what†¦show more content†¦These actors and actresses were paid by the tobacco companies to promote smoking. (Tye, J. 2010) As a result of these actors and actresses promoting the use of tobacco, many people were encouraged to smoke cigarettes. If one were to ask a person who began using tobacco duri ng this era why, he or she started to smoke, the answer he or she would give would most likely be, â€Å"I wanted to be like John Wayne, or Joan Crawford.† Today the tobacco industry is barred from directly recruiting celebrities to endorse smoking. Therefore, tobacco companies have begun to use covert advertising in movies. This has proven to be a very profitable tactic for the tobacco companies. Covert advertising in films have helped the tobacco industry to target new users of tobacco. In this type of advertising cigarette makers receive more advertising time for their money than just a quick glance of a cigarette pack or an advertising billboard. In almost every movie with covert cigarette advertising, there are scenes in which a few of the characters smoke; typically these characters are smoking in a manner that glamorizes the use of tobacco. (Tye, J. 2010) The communication model used in this type of advertising can be labeled as either Communication as Action or Communication as Interaction. In the Communication as Action model, the sender sends the message, andShow MoreRelatedThe Attack Of The And Pearl Harbor Attacks991 Words   |  4 PagesNeither of us ever made it to work that morning and I would not see my wife until the next day.† C. The damage caused to the North Tower by the first plane destroyed any escape routes from above the impact zone, trapping 1,344 people above in fire and smoke. On the other hand, the second plane had more of an off-centered impact as only a single stairwell was left intact to be used in the South Tower. However, not many people managed to pass through it before the tower collapsed. D. After almost an hourRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks And The Aftermath Of 9 / 111037 Words   |  5 PagesNeither of us ever made it to work that morning and I would not see my wife until the next day.† C. 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As the General Motors example indicates, defense contracts account for a small portion of the profits. In fiscal year 1970, of the 100 largest companies in the United States, only 25% of their profits come from military contracts.15 The shift to missiles and aircraft during the space-race of the 1960’s brought aerospace companies likeRead More The History of Animation Essay5606 Words   |  23 Pagesof vision was discovered in the early 1800s. Our eye and brain retain a visual impression for about 1/30th of a second. Persistence of vision prevents us from noticing that a motion picture screen is dark about half the time, and that a television image is just one bright, fast, discrete dot sweeping the screen. Motion pictures show one new frame (still picture of the movie clip) every 1/24th of a second and the same frame is shown three times during this time period (Persistence, 2001). The eye retainsRead MoreDoes Tv Have a Negative Influence on Society7652 Words   |  31 Pageshave jobs with high income and high social prestige such as doctors and lawyers, in reality the largest portion of North America’s work force are blue collar workers such as factory workers. Many people watch the news on television to learn about the activities around the world, but can we believe this portrayal of the global events? The camera cannot capture the whole picture, only a small portion of what is happening in the world, yet people rely on these shows to educate them about the world we areRead MoreNation Branding-Best Practices Through Sports, Laws and Science7411 Words   |  30 Pagescarriers are private-held compan ies, and many of them deliberately lack a specific national identity. They have been designed to be global brands from the start off, and most of them are, exceptions aside, country-neutral, at least in a significant portion of their brand identity. But the introduction of the private sector doesn’t lead to the extinction of the old state run airline carriers. The old, veteran State-funded companies are still surfing the skies, making us recall the times when a biggerRead MoreCase110038 Words   |  41 PagesCambridge, MA 02138. This document is authorized for use only by XIANG LI in Public Management—Spring 2014 taught by Lynn Ross, at Georgetown University from January 2015 to July 2015. For the exclusive use of X. LI, 2015. While other shelters might screen out the intoxicated, the active drug users, the ex-offenders, or those with unmedicated psychiatric disorders, Pine Street prided itself on turning no one away. If all the beds were full, as they often were in winter, Pine Street made room on theRead MoreEssay on Wireless Electricity14464 Words   |  58 Pagescalled power harvesters, and then translated back into low-voltage direct current. These harvesters and RF transmissions could give way to small electrics or appliances powered completely without cords or replacing batteries. Imagine a future where smoke detectors or clocks never need their batteries replaced. (Cutting the cord:, 2010)† Inductive coupling was the method used in the first wireless powering system to hit the market. â€Å"This device has been developed for handheld electronics such

The History of Modern-Day Myanmar (Burma)

Burma is the largest country in mainland Southeast Asia, which officially has been named the Union of Myanmar since 1989. This name-change is sometimes seen as part of an attempt by the ruling military junta to stamp out the populist, colloquial form of the Burmese language, and promote the literary form. Geographically situated along the Bay of Bengal and bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Thailand and Laos, Burma has a long history of odd decisions and peculiar struggles for power. Strangely, the military government of Burma suddenly moved the national capital from Yangon to the new city of Naypyidaw in 2005, on the advice of an astrologer. From Prehistoric Nomads to Imperial Burma Like many  East  and Central Asian  countries, archeological evidence suggests that humanoids have wandered Burma from as long as 75,000 years ago, with the first record of homo sapien foot traffic in the area dating back to 11,000 B.C. By 1500, the Bronze Age had struck the peoples of the region as they began producing bronze tools and growing rice, and by 500 they began working with iron as well.   The first city-states formed around 200 B.C.by the Pyu people — who could be attributed as the lands first true inhabitants. Trade with India brought with it cultural and political norms that would later influence Burmese culture, namely through the spread of Buddhism. However, it wouldnt be until the 9th century A.D. that internal war for territory forced the Burmese to organize into one central government. In the mid-to-late 10th century, the Bamar settled a new central city of Bagan, collecting many of the rival  city-states and independent nomads as allies, finally unifying in the late 1950s as the Pagan Kingdom. Here, the Burmese language and culture were allowed to dominate the Pyu and Pali norms that came before them. Mongol Invasion, Civil Unrest and Reunification Although the leaders of the Pagan Kingdom led Burma to great economic and spiritual prosperity — erecting over 10,000 Buddhist temples across the country — their relatively long reign came crashing to an end after repeated attempts by the Mongol armies to overthrow and claim their capital city from 1277 to 1301. For over 200 years, Burma fell into political chaos without a city-state to lead its people. From there, the country fractured into two kingdoms: the coastline empire of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom and the northern Ava Kingdom, who was eventually overrun by the Confederation of Shan States from 1527 to 1555. Still, despite these internal conflicts, Burmese culture greatly expanded during this time. Thanks to the shared cultures of all three groups, scholars and artisans of each kingdom created great works of literature and art that still live on to this day.   Colonialism and British Burma Although the Burmese were able to reunify under the Taungoo for much of the 17th century, their empire was short lived. The First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824 to 1826 suffered Burma a massive defeat, losing Manipur, Assam, Tenasserim and Arakan to British forces. Again, 30 years later, the British returned to take Lower Burma as a result of the Second Anglo-Burmese War. Finally, in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885, the British annexed the rest of Burma. Under British control, the rulers of British Burma sought to keep their influence and culture present despite their overlords. Still, the British governance saw a destruction of social, economic, administrative and cultural norms in Burma and a new era of civil unease. This continued up until the end of World War II when the Panglong Agreement forced other ethnic leaders to guarantee Myanmar independence as a unified state. The committee who signed the agreement quickly assembled a team and formed a doctrine to govern their newly unified nation. However, it wasnt quite the government the original founders were hoping for that actually came to be. Independence and Today The Union of Burma officially became an independent republic on January 4, 1948, with U Nu as its first Prime Minister and Shwe Thaik its president. Multi-party elections were held in 1951, 52, 56, and 1960 with the people electing a bicameral parliament as well as their president and prime minister. All seemed well for the newly modernized nation — until unrest shook the nation yet again. Early in the morning on March 2, 1962, General Ne Win used a military coup dà ©tat to take Burma. Since that day, Burma has been under a military governance for most of its modern history. This militarized government sought to streamline everything from business to media and production to form a hybrid nation built on socialism and nationalism. However, 1990 saw the first free elections in 30 years, allowing the people to vote for their State Peace and Development Council members, a system which remained in place until 2011  when a representative democracy was instated throughout the country. The military-controlled days of government were over, it seemed, for the people of Myanmar.   In 2015, the citizens of the country held their first general elections with the National League for Democracy taking the majority in both national parliament chambers and placing  Ktin Kyaw as the first elected non-military president since the coup of 62. A prime minister-type role, called the State Counsellor, was established in 2016 and Aung San Suu Kyi took the role.

Development as a second language teacher Free Essays

Teaching a second language means teaching a language to learners who are not originally natives to that language. This form of instruction can either be carried out in the learner’s own nation either within the public school system or privately for instance in a part time language school or with a private tutor. The teachers can either be native or non-native speakers of the language. We will write a custom essay sample on Development as a second language teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teaching techniques Reading There is an increasing popularity in teaching that uses literature targeting the young children and teenagers. Teenager oriented literature provides simpler resources especially the reading material printed by major publishers and mostly gives a more comprehensive method than the one found in the adult literature (Tarone et al, 2009). Communicative language teaching Communicative language (CLT) concentrates on interaction as both a technique and an objective of learning a second language. The method is also described as the communicative approach to the instruction of foreign languages or the communicative method. CLT is often found to be a response to the audio-lingual method (ALM) and a complementation or advancement of the notional-functional syllabus (Tarone et al, 2009). Blended learning Blended learning is an arrangement that incorporates both classroom teaching and online interactions and is also called CALL or computer-guided language learning which is realized through a virtual learning environment. Input and input processing Input and input processing are major components of developing a second language or second language acquisition. The term input describes all the information that the learner actually processes from the information offered to them. It is not possible to acquire second language without input and input processing. Acquisition models vary in the kind of input which is found to be the most significant factor to second language acquisition. Induction models view acquisition as a product from informal message-centered input while instructional models view formal instruction as a significant component of second language acquisition. Any of the acquisition models recognizes the direct relationship between language input which the students are exposed to and the language output they deliver. When input is offered by interaction in natural environment learners concentrate majorly on trying to comprehend and produce a message and end up acquiring the second language as a coincidence. Conversely, if learners emphasize on the language itself, they pick the language intentionally. The above analysis of input however suggests that input is always available to the learners whether in their conscious state or otherwise. Though the intention to learn is not vital to the learning process, attention to the input is essential to begin processing the input in order to acquire or develop the second language (Tarone et al, 2009). Social cultural perspective in language learning A social cultural viewpoint in language learning is based on theoretical assumptions and empirical investigation of learning acquired from different fields including human development, linguistic anthropology and social theory. According to this viewpoint, language development starts with an individual’s social world which encompasses a diverse mix of regularly appearing goal-oriented intellectual as well as practical activities. Through the learner’s direct involvement in the activities as well as transformations in the learner’s life, the structural components of language are acquired together with communicative intentions and particular perspectives of the language. It is though ultimate internalization of self-regulation of the particular methods of achievement of success in the activities that characterizes growth in language acquisition. From this view point, learning is regarded as the process of altering the patterns of participating in particular social practices among the communities as opposed to internal assimilation of structural features of language structures. Since schools are significant social setups, the activities constituting their classrooms are regarded as fundamental sites of learning a second language (Tarone et al, 2009). Classroom interaction Classroom interaction is a method in which learning is achieved in classrooms. In language classrooms, interaction assumes a significant role in language acquisition in that it’s both a medium of language acquisition as well as an object of educational attention. By interacting with each other, learners and teachers form a common body of knowledge. They also establish mutual understanding of their functions and relationships and the values and anticipations of their participation as members in the classrooms. This implies that through interactions, learners and teachers socialize into specific understanding of what constitutes the formal curriculum. The forms of interactions also assist in describing the values by which individual learners achieve their targets (Duff, 2000). Peer-to-peer dialogue in language acquisition In mutual dialogue, learners share ideas to solve linguistic challenges and/or construct language or ay information about language. Language mediates this activity as cognitive equipment to process and control meaning formulation and also as a social equipment to convey information to others. This implies that any word spoken can be viewed as both a process as well as a product. Peer-to-peer dialogue is important in all the four skills acquired in second language development, that is, reading, writing, speaking as well as listening. Peer-to-peer dialogue can thus be considered as a mediator to second language learning (Oxford, 1993). Value of reflection and reflective teaching Reflection or critical reflection describes an activity or procedure whereby an experience is remembered, considered and assessed normally in regard to a wider purpose. It is a reaction to past experiences and entails conscious recall and assessment of the experience as a basis for valuation and decision making and a directive for planning and plan execution. Reflective teaching has various approaches which include study of oneself and others, group teaching and exploring ones perspective of instructing through writing. In spite of the approach chosen, three parts that are a component of the method include: the event, recollection of the event and review and reaction to the event (Abbott, 2000). Errors and error correction Learning of a second language involves Errors and error correction. Error analysts differentiate between errors, which are logical, and mistakes, which are not. They are concerned with identification of errors in the acquisition of second languages. An error can be categorized as a basic error, covert errors, overt errors or domain. They can also be classified on the basis of the level of the language. The classification of an error is very important since its correction is possible if it is positively identified (Corder, 2001). Qualities of a good second language teacher A good second language teacher is a pre-requisite to the learning of a second language. A good and qualified teacher will motivate the learners by making the lessons more interesting and educational. A good second language teacher should have the appropriate qualification and education. For instance, it is not obvious that a person whose native language is English is necessarily capable of teaching English. Teaching the language requires special training to equip the tutor with the necessary skills appropriate for teaching the language. Qualified tutors should have a firm knowledge of linguistics, language skills and the modern teaching methodologies and theories. The tutors should consistently keep themselves updated, for instance, by extensive or wide reading and participating in language conferences (Tarone Swierzbin, 2009). Dedication and sense of humor A good second language teacher should have a passion for teaching and should be dedicated to the teaching career. The tutor should teach with the intention of making a difference in the learner and assist them to learn. A good second language teacher should not be solely be motivated by money but should have the inner motivation to teach and help. Motivation by money would imply that the tutor is more interested with acquiring money rather than the needs of the learners. The teacher should possess a good sense of humor. Such a teacher will be able to make the learning enjoyable and fun (Tarone Swierzbin, 2009) Four skills in second language acquisition Listening Listening is the language skill which students mostly find the most difficult to comprehend. This is as a result of the students’ feeling that they not compelled to learn every word. To realize their objectives in relation to this skill, the tutor plays a significant role that is described by the following steps: first, it is necessary to assist all the learners prepare for the listening task properly before the text is introduced to them. It is therefore necessary for the tutor to make certain that the learners comprehend the language they require to finish the task and are fully informed of their expectations in the course. The learners need to be reassured that it is not necessary that they comprehend every word but most of the words especially the common ones. The next significant step is to encourage the learners to anticipate the words they would hear. In real life, the condition, the speaker, and the image clues all assist everyone to decipher oral messages (Duff, 2000). Speaking In teaching the speaking skill, the tutor must take into consideration that the language input used in the instructional process is higher than the level of the language production anticipated from the learners. Learners especially those in primary schools should be exposed to several speaking activities to enable them participate with little verbal response. At higher levels however, learners are motivated to start to manipulate language and convey themselves in a clearer and more personal means. In the primary school for instance, the two major speaking activities utilized are: songs, chants, and poems to encourage learners to imitate the model they hear on the cassette. Other activities are the game and pair work activities which should at all times emphasize on a particular model. These motivate the learners to start to manipulate the language by exposing them to certain amount of choice, although within a supposedly controlled situation (Duff, 2000). Reading In order to make reading a relaxed and interesting activity as opposed to a boring and tedious duty, it is significant to ensure that the learners do not struggle to read every word they come across, whether they are skimming for the wording for general meaning or scanning it to look for particular information. At this point, the teachers should select texts while considering the difficulty level. They should also consider the interest of the learners as well as their humor so that the learners are encouraged to read as they would do with their native language. The selected texts should be motivating enough to keep the learners entertained as well anxious to read and learn more of the language. As far as the listening activities are concerned, it is significant to invest more time preparing for the tasks by utilizing illustrations (Duff, 2000). Writing In the lower levels, EFL learners progress from writing secluded words and phrases, to short paragraphs about some specific topics or very common topics like family, home, and hobbies and friends. Since most of the learners at this level are unable to either linguistically or intellectually create written text from the start. The writing activities mainly show towards the end of a course to enable the learners have adequate exposure to the language and practice of the major structures and vocabulary they require. At this point, the learners work will invariably contain errors. The teacher should be more sensitive in the correction process and not focus much on every error that is identified. A piece of written work that is full of correction work is de-motivating and usually counter-productive. In as much as possible the learners should be encouraged to make corrections in their own work (Duff, 2000). Difficulties to the learners Language instructing practice often presumes that most of the difficulties that students encounter while learning the language are as a result of the level to which their native language varies from the second language.. An indigenous speaker of Chinese may for instance encounter more difficulties than an indigenous speaker of German, because German is closely related to English more than Chinese is. This may also apply to individuals of any first language intending to study any other language. Language learners commonly make mistakes especially syntax and pronunciation mistakes due to the influence of their first language like mapping its grammatical structure inappropriately onto the second language, pronouncing certain sounds wrongly or with difficulty and confusing certain aspects of the vocabulary, referred to as false friends. This is known as first language transfer or language interference (Richards Renandya, 2002). Conclusion A good second language instructor is a significant factor when learners are studying a second language. It has generally been agreed that great tutors are those that still recall what it was to be a learner and treat the learners as equals. When teaching a second language, the tutor must establish an open, free and close relationship with each of the learners and motivate the quieter ones or the slow ones to gather enough confident and courage. The teacher should have enough patience and appreciation and an understanding that everyone can make mistakes. Being in a position to teach a second language is the most rewarding job since it involves assisting learners to advance and communicate abroad (Richards Renandya, 2002). References Abbott, M. (2000). Identifying reliable generalizations for spelling words: The importance of   Ã‚   multilevel analysis. The Elementary School Journal 101(2), 233-245 Corder, S. P. (2001). The significance of learners’ errors. International Review of Applied   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Linguistics, 5, 160-170. Duff, P. (2000). Repetition in foreign language classroom interaction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Oxford, R. (1993).Research on second language learning strategies. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 13:175-187 Richards, J. C. Renandya, W. A. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: an anthology of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   current practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Tarone, E., Bigelow, M. Hansen, K. (2009). Literacy and Second Language Oracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press Tarone, E., Swierzbin, B. (2009). Exploring Learner Language. Oxford: Oxford University    Press How to cite Development as a second language teacher, Essays

Quality Management of food truck Restaurant-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Quality Management of food truck Restaurant. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, delivery of quality products and services is essential for the growth and success of a business enterprise. In simpler terms, quality can be defined as the distinctive characteristic of products or services which satisfy the need and demand of customers in the best possible manner. It can be also expressed that there is a direct relationship between quality and customer satisfaction(Barata Cunha 2017). Low product and services quality can directly result in developing the high degree of dissatisfaction among customers. On the other side of this, good quality of products and services encourage customer loyalty and repeat purchase. However, it can be critically argued that management and improvement in quality, in the long run, is not an easy task for organizations as there are various issues and challenges faced during the same(Tzamalis, Panagiotakos Drosinos 2016). For example, companies are required to focus on areas such as continuous improvement, leadership, c hange management and feedback from stakeholders. The present study is based on A special restaurant food truck, and it outlines, the overall concept of quality management. In addition to this, existing business process and quality management systems within food truck are also mentioned in the study. Concept of quality management In the present scenario, the changing business environment and market needs have resulted in creating obstacles for growth and success of companies. Nowadays, businesses are required to maintain the highest level of quality within their products and services to sustain in the marketplace(Mok, Sparks Kadampully 2013). The latest trend in the restaurant business is of the road food business which is getting more and more popular along with the passage of time. Here, different food products and services are delivered to customers through mobile food truck and portable sustenance trucks. At present, the industrys overall value is more than $1 Billion, and from the year 2007 to 2012, the industry has witnessed an annual growth rate of 8.4%. On the contrary of this, it can be critically argued that along with high growth rate, the industry has also become highly competitive. To attract new customers and retain the old ones, it is required by the selected business which is food truck restaurant to focus on delivering the best quality of food products and satisfactory services to all customers. In todays business world, quality is essential because it helps in meeting the need and expectation of customers in the best possible manner(Pineda 2013). In addition to this, the overall reputation of a food truck in the market can be enhanced by delivering quality products and services. According to the concept of quality management, the overall cost of operations increases when the quality of products and services offered by a company is poor. The food truck is required to emphasize more on the aspect of quality management to reduce operational cost and enhance profit margin. However, it can be critically argued that difficulty i n implementation is the major drawback associated with the concept of total quality management(Augusto, Lisboa Yasin 2014). The food truck is also required to carry out effective monitoring of all its processes and operations to identify loopholes and take corrective measures to improve quality. Customer expectation of processes, services, and product can be met through company operations Nowadays, meeting customer expectations of processes, services, products have become vital for long-term growth and sustainability of companies. Furthermore, the customers want that businesses should opt for a quality process which can deliver satisfactory products and services. It can be stated that implementing a customer feedback system is the best and most potential way through which the expectation of customers can be meet in the best possible manner. The food truck can adopt a feedback system wherein reliable data about products and services quality can be collected through customers(Davis et al. 2013). Based on the information gathered, corrective measures can be taken by the selected food truck business to carry out improvement in the quality and attain the higher degree of satisfaction among customers. However, it can be asserted that the business will need to ensure that the feedback provided by customers is taken seriously and immediate actions for improvement are carried out. On the other hand, customers expectations with regards to processes, services, and products can be meet through the adaption of open communication channels. The key and most important characteristic of service industry are that here employees comes in direct contact with all customers(Chaudary, Zafar Salman 2015). Therefore, the food truck can implement open communication channels where employees can be encouraged to present their views regarding what kind of changes can be carried out in menu and service delivery process. The information provided by staff members can be beneficial in terms of carrying out improvement in areas such as to processes, services, and products. Best Way To Develop Quality Management It can be stated that development of quality management is essential to sustain in the highly competitive service industry. Furthermore, the food truck is required to commit quality to attain a high degree of satisfaction among customers. Even the quality management model present by Deming highlights the fact that quality should be reinforced over and over again and top management must do the same(Bon Mustafa 2013). All the staff members working in food truck should commit quality with an objective to carry out effective management of the same. In addition to this, tracking and monitoring quality is another strategy which can be adopted by the food truck to manage its quality in the best possible manner. On the other side of this, it can be critically argued that tracking quality in the service industry is the most challenging task for businesses(Doeleman, Ten Have Ahaus 2014). The food truck can adopt techniques such as net promoter score to track its service quality and identify the critical loopholes present in the same. Another effective way which can be used by the selected business enterprise to manage its quality is of investing in employee training and development. The food truck is operating with very few staff members and thus, conducting training programs to enhance service delivery is not going to be a challenging task for the business(Sallis 2014). Implementing quality circles is also a good way which can be used by the food truck to manage its service quality. Another effective way that can be adopted by food truck for enhancing food quality is rendering training to the staff members on different aspects through which they can know the ways through which quality of food can be enhanced easily. Food truck has to build strong relationship with the suppliers so that they may supply quality food item. Figure 1: Quality circle Source: (courses.bus School of Business 2000) The mentioned above diagram denotes a quality circle which can be used by businesses such as Food truck to manage their quality(Mohammad Mosadeghrad 2014). Here, the business will need to focus on four different areas which are plan, do, check and act. This circle is being used by food truck where in the first stage company takes appropriate action with the motive to improve quality of its food item, in second stage planning is done where food truck has to determine its customer need so as to satisfy it, the plan prepared is implemented and at last testing is done. Relationship between customer satisfaction and high quality service Delivering high-quality service is necessary in case of food truck which is a special restaurant. In order to deliver effective service, it is necessary to set some benchmarks where the restaurant has to implement some quality management models in its operations(Dale 2015). There exist the direct relationship between customer satisfaction and high-quality service. In the case when high-quality services are delivered to the target market then it contributes a lot in enhancing customer satisfaction level, and in turn, all the desired goals of the enterprise can be accomplished efficiently(Gharakhani et al. 2013). Apart from this, it is a well-known fact that to deal with the issue of competition in the market it is necessary for the restaurant to ensure that its services are of high level regarding food quality and other additional services that are rendered to the target market. Moreover, quality management is regarded as the act of overseeing all the tasks in order to maintain the de sired level of excellence(Gould 2013). In case if the customer satisfaction level is high then in such case food truck has to deliver high quality service to its target market. This is most significant as the level of customer satisfaction depends on quality like in case if high quality food is delivered to the customer then it enhances customer satisfaction level and vice versa. Further, in case of food truck the company has to ensure that its service quality level is up to the mark and in case if food and another type of facilities are delivered efficiently to the target market, then it can surely enhance the overall performance of the food truck in the market where it operates(Fu et al. 2013). Level of customer satisfaction can only be enhanced if service quality is above the expectation level and this, in turn, can surely act as the development tool for the business in every possible manner. It has been witnessed that businesses offering various kind of services measure service quality through different means such as obtaining views of their customers and other techniques that are most effective(Jurow Barnard 2013). Maintaining service quality on the continuous basis and for long period of time can surely manage long-term performance of the company. Description of existing business process The present business process of food truck restaurant is associated with offering the type of food service to the target market. Therefore, the process starts from the purchase of raw material and different type of food items as per the actual need of the target market. Further, it is a well-known fact that each and every process of food truck restaurant is crucial and for enhancing the overall quality of the service, it is mandatory to implement so quality improvement models so that favorable results can be accomplished easily and in a possible manner(Obeidat et al. 2016). Food quality matters a lot and in case if the food truck is not able to deliver high-quality food service to its target market then it will surely lead to the decline in the level of overall performance and in turn business performance will decline significantly. Apart from this, the food truck business has to identify the most crucial business process that involves preparing high-quality food item as per the need of the target market. The truck restaurant has to ensure that the raw materials purchased for preparing different type of food items are of high quality and this, in turn, can surely assist in preparing high-quality food as per the actual requirement of the target market. No doubt, the real customers of food truck expect high-quality food and due to this reason, it is necessary to deliver them high-quality food(Oakland 2014). All the business processes must be flexible so that changes can be made in each process easily and in short period. Food truck restaurant operates on the smaller basis and due to this reason ensuring quality service will not be difficult for the business. Apart from this, the overall process of the business is very small, and this will provide support in implementing quality tools for rendering services to the target market. Quality framework Figure 2: Gap Model of Service quality Source: (Verint Customer Engagement 2009) In order to understand the significance of service quality from the point view of food truck restaurant, the gap model of service quality is quite effective(VERINT 2009). Further, this model helps in knowing about the five types of gaps whose description is as follows: Gap 1: It is the distance between customer expectation and what managers think they expect clearly. For example, the customer expects that the food truck restaurant will deliver fact and accurate services to them whereas the manager of the business perceives that customers are only expecting the best quality of food at convenient prices. Gap 2: It is between the actual specification of the customer experience and the management perception. Managers working in the organization are required to ensure that business is delivering high-level service(Habibah Abdul Talib, Anuar Mohd Ali Idris 2014). For example, the manager at food truck restaurant can carry out customer survey to identify the actual specification of the customers experience and can make changes in existing services according to the information collected from those surveys. Gap 3: From the experience specification to delivery of experience where it is necessary for the managers to audit the customer experience that business is delivering at present. Gap 4: It is the gap between delivering of customer experience and what is being communicated to the target market. The manager at food truck restaurant needs to ensure that there is no gap between services communicated and services delivered to the target market. For example, if the food truck restaurant communicates that its speed of services is very fast then it needs to make sure that fast processing of customer order and delivery is carried out within the restaurant. Gap 5: It is the gap that arises due to customer expectation of service and customer perception. Here, food truck restaurant can adopt customer oriented strategy to fill the gap between customer expectations, customer perception and make these concepts identical to each other. So, these are the main gaps that allow in knowing about the significance of service quality, and through this, it is possible for food truck restaurant to deliver high-quality service to its target market as per their actual expectations. Apart from this, it is necessary to understand the different type of gaps that can take place and the overall alternatives through which these gaps can fulfill(Gimenez-Espin, Jimnez-Jimnez Martnez-Costa 2013). The most important aspect that needs to be ensured is linked with meeting customer expectation, and in case of the food truck, it is possible by purchasing quality raw materials that are effective enough in rendering quality food to the target market as per their expectations. Through this model, it is possible for food truck restaurant to meet with the expectations of its customers in terms of quality and it can surely provide the base in dealing with the market challenges that are associated with competition or another form of barriers. Input output model (ITO) of operations management can be also taken into consideration to enhance the overall operations of the food truck restaurant. Here, the model is highly effective as it will support food truck restaurant to defining and analyze mechanism through which outcomes are generated. It can be expressed that the use of this model will allow food truck restaurant with an opportunity to identify the key issues associated with output and processing of the services. For instance, lack of communication or clear roles and responsibilities can be a major reason which is creating restrictions in terms of delivering satisfactory and fast services to customers (Chaudary, Zafar Salman 2015). Based on the information collected through the model, food truck restaurant can make certain changes in its processes to improve overall quality of service delivery. For example, effective communication tools and techniques can be adopted or democratic leadership style can be adopted by food truck restaurant to make the workers clear about their roles and responsibilities. Opportunities for process improvement Different opportunities are present with food truck restaurant so as to improve its process in the proper manner. Firstly, it is required for the business to ensure that all its process is flexible as through this improvement is possible in every possible manner. Apart from this, quality improvement tactics have to be implemented in each and every process so that it can bring favorable results for the business(Augusto, Lisboa Yasin 2014). The main opportunity is that business is operating on the smaller basis and due to this reason all its processes are small. Therefore, it would be quite easier for the food truck business to render quality service in terms of food and this will allow the business to gain the competitive edge over its rivals in every possible manner. Conclusion From the above carried out study, it can be inferred that delivering high quality of services to customers is essential in terms of achieving long term growth and sustainability. The CEO of food truck restaurant can make certain changes in its existing process and can make it more flexible. For example, the CEO of food truck restaurant can use a flexible business process instead of using a rigid process for service delivery. Apart from this, quality management framework such as Gap Model and Input Output Model can be used by the CEO of food truck restaurant to enhance the quality of services and operations. It can be also inferred that open channels of communication can be used by to encourage the views and opinions of staff members during the process of decision making and strategy formulation. 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